Perfect Tenses [完成式]

Notes & Exercise

• 練習

• 筆記

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Present Perfect (現在完成式)

📌 用法:

動作在 過去發生 但與現在有關聯（結果/經歷）。

常配合時間副詞：already, just, yet, ever, never, since, for。

📝 句式結構:

主語 + have/has + 過去分詞 (V3)

🔹 例子:

"I have finished my homework."（我做完功課啦！→ 現在唔使再做） "She has visited Japan three times."（佢去過日本三次 → 強調經歷） "We haven’t eaten dinner yet."（我哋仲未食晚飯 → 到現在仍餓）

⚠️ 注意:

Gone vs. Been:

❌ "She has gone to Paris." → 佢而家仲喺巴黎！

✅ "She has been to Paris." → 佢去過巴黎（已返嚟）。

Past Perfect (過去完成式)

📌 用法:

描述 過去某時間前已完成的動作（「過去的過去」）。 常配合時間提示：by the time, before, after, when。

📝 句式結構:

主語 + had + 過去分詞 (V3)

🔹 例子:

"The train had left by the time we arrived."（我哋到之前，火車已開走 → 強調錯過） "He had never seen a panda before visiting Ocean Park."（去海洋公園前未見過熊貓）

💡 Tips:

用「...之前已經...」幫手分辯： "She had cooked dinner before her mum came home."（媽咪返嚟 之前，佢已經煮好飯。）

Future Perfect (將來完成式)

📌 用法:

預測 將來某時間前會完成的動作。 時間提示：by, by the time, before + 未來時間。

📝 句式結構: 主語 + will have + 過去分詞 (V3)

🔹 例子:

"By 2030, scientists will have discovered life on Mars."（到 2030 年，科學家將會發現火星生命 → 強調「已完成」） "She will have graduated before you start university."（你入大學前，佢已經畢業）

🎯 總結

Present Perfect: has/have + V3 → 現在結果/經歷 Past Perfect: had + V3 → 過去的過去 Future Perfect: will have + V3 → 將來某時已做完

📚 Complementary Notes

📌 Present Perfect 常見錯誤:

❌ "I have seen that movie last week." → ✅ "I saw that movie last week." (具體過去時間用 Simple Past) ❌ "She has borrowed my book for 3 days." → ✅ "She has kept my book for 3 days." (borrow 非延續性動詞)

📌 Past Perfect 信號詞:

By the time + Past Simple (e.g., "By the time we woke up, the thief had escaped.")

📌 Future Perfect 時間標記:

By this time next… (year/month/week) Before + Present Simple (e.g., "Before you leave, I will have packed.")